December 30, 2019

Their fare was honed to perfection at quintessential colonial institution

Mash the boiled potatoes and add chopped onions, garlic powder, paprika, chopped coriander, salt and pepper to the mash.Deviled Scotch EggsDeviled Scotch EggsIngredients:2 boiled eggs, cut into halves2 medium sized mashed potatoes100 gms chopped onions1 tsp garlic powder1 tsp paprika100 coriander, choppedSalt and pepper, as per taste2 tbsp fried breadcrumbs for coatingMETHOD:HeatChina Hand roll vacuum compression bagsoil in a deep fryer to 350° F and cover the countertop with a large sheet of waxed paper. Bake in the oven for 15 minutes at 350 degree Fahrenheit till the mutton is soft.


This lead to the foundations of what we now know as ‘Anglo-Indian’ cuisine, a hallmark of India’s culture of acceptance and co-existence. Using a pastry bag or sandwich bag with an end snipped off, pipe the yolk mixture back into the Scotch Eggs. But it had pretty much lost popularity after the fall of the Roman Empire. Use a strainer to dust the dish with castor sugar and decorate with cherries. "The Anglo-Indian cuisine was relished in formal settings and on evenings when English sahibs, Indian Princes and bejewelled ladies would gather together to enjoy the finest whiskeys and wines, and the elaborate and extensive menus each night, prepared laboriously by the cooks were only outdone by others the next night. Add the mayonnaise, mustard, salt, and pepper and mix until smooth.


They also tend to have a very simple and delicate taste and are almost universally palatable,” he explains. Chutney itself is believed to have been invented by India in the years before Christ."A number of authentic British dishes spiked with Indian flavours or Indian dishes with an addition or two of British ingredients and mellow spices is what makes this cuisine different. Add the mutton to an oven friendly dish. Mash the yolks with a fork and then place them in the bowl of a stand mixer.The British started adopting chutneys and marmalades in their colonies to ration food and preserve it for longer durations.


It is during this time, with the array of spices and ingredients available that this little side dish had a number of variations,” mentions chef Nayyar. Add boiled barley, mustard seeds, chili flakes, onions and stock to the mix of Indian spices along with salt as per taste. It's also one of the favourites for all the young NDA cadets,” he sums up. Although it isn’t Anglo-Indian, it is a tradition introduced by the British that we embraced. The British were the ones to get white bread, pastries, roasts etc to India, and now there are vegetarian variations of it in the cuisine,” says Nayyar, citing examples of some Anglo-Indian classics.


Their fare was honed to perfection at quintessential colonial institutions like gentleman’s clubs, railway kitchens, and Army messes,” explains Singh. But to be truly palatable to most British settlers, these centuries-old recipes needed to be ‘reimagined’ with a little bit of good old British flavour fundamentals. Roast the lamb in the oven for about 20 mins at 350 degree Fahrenheit.Chutneys were yet another amazing creation of the British and Indian cooks, and almost every dish from the cuisine is accompanied by a chutney, dip or sauce."The number of spices, herbs, and vegetables available in the Indian subcontinent made way for an amazing lot of side pickles and chutneys. Sandwich the layers with fresh whipped cream mixed with strawberries, grapes, banana, and orange chunks. Cover the dish with a thin sheet of rolled out flour."A railway curry, for example, is made with either vegetables, mutton or chicken and sometimes even with cottage cheese. The flavors were exciting and the aromas enchanting, unlike anything they had ever tasted before.Like white bread, the British also brought in pastries, cakes and English desserts to India; essentially for their army and government officials. A number of Anglo-Indian dishes are made using the oven and it is almost impossible to make some of the most popular dishes without it.


Serve hot.."The desserts were an immediate hit even with the Indians and it wasn’t long before a number of people set up bakery shops in India. Anglo-Indian itself being a fusion cuisine doesn’t really have set recipes or ingredients for that matter. Another really popular dish in Britain is Kedgeree. Fry Scotch eggs two at a time for 5 minutes. The tipsy pudding is still a very popular dish in the Indian Defence messes and is served frequently after dinner.


To devil them, halve the Scotch Eggs lengthwise and remove the yolks. Pudding is ready to serve. A number of Indian cooks learned the recipes and were tasked with dishing out cakes, puff pastries and a number of desserts like the tipsy pudding, caramel custard, fruit cream, bread pudding etc. Transfer them to paper towels and allow them to cool. Anglo-Indian dishes are by and large very easy to prepare at home and don’t usually require heavyweights in the kitchen to dish out. Even today, a number of Christian families in India prepare a plum cake on Christmas.


Top up with another layer of whipped cream and fruits.Lamb Barley PotIngredients:100 gms pot barley (boiled)3 medium onions, chopped1 tsp Worcestershire sauce for marinating1 tsp of lime juice for marinatingChili flakes, as per taste10 gms mustard Seeds8 pieces of lamb chops500 ml water or stock to coverA thin sheet of rolled out flour to coverSalt and freshly ground black pepper, as per tasteMETHOD:Marinate lamb in garlic, Worcestershire sauce, lime, salt, and pepper overnight.The British mellowed down and anglicised certain Indian dishes with acceptable levels of spice and tweaked some of their signature English meals with Indian flavours, informs Ajit Singh, MD at Anglow, New Delhi.Tipsy PuddingIngredients:3 layers of sponge cake (300g), available in the market, or can be made at home too. Enclose each egg completely in the mash.


Tipsy Pudding Throughout the 18th and 19th Century, the British and other European settlers would often be enthralled by the spectacular assortment of food and spices from the myriad regions of the Indian subcontinent. And even though the dishes are quite peculiar, they would never fade out because a number of Anglo-Indian dishes have now become staple Indian dishes, says Akshay Nayyar, head chef of Anglow.3 fluid ounces orange liquor (approx 85 grams)Seasonal fruits (strawberries, grapes, banana, and orange), chopped in cubes4 to 8 candied cherries (for decoration)8 oz (approx 225 grams) heavy whipping cream1 tbsp granulated sugar or 2 tbsp castor sugar1/8 tsp vanilla extractMETHOD lace three layers of sponge soaked lightly in orange liquor.


The Anglo-Indian cuisine is quite distinct from the regular Indian cuisine essentially because of its wide variety of ingredients. And the railway curry always differs in taste when had in Delhi, Kolkata or Chennai. Take a large chunk of mash in your hand and place an egg in the center.Dredge the potato-coated eggs in flour, dip them in the raw egg and then roll them in the bread crumbs until they are entirely coated. Open cheese toasts, shami kebabs and deviled eggs are an extremely popular choice in both the defence messes as well as a number of the colonial clubs in the country.The flavors were exciting and the aromas enchanting, unlike anything they had ever tasted before., mentions Singh, who curated the menu for Anglow after years of research on the cuisine

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December 27, 2019

The Indian paint market is expected to reach

According to Nandi, the industry has been witnessing a slower growth of around 5 per cent during the past six quarters of disruptions. We will pass on the entire benefit to the customers in order to improve sales,” said B Thiagarajan, joint managing director of Bluestar.


It is a very positive move for us as our sales numbers in washing machines and televisions would pick up substantially. The industry was growing at 12-15 per cent in those times."The rate cut is applicable for a few products.. But this will build positive sentiment during the festival season and hence propel growth.The government also had reduced the GST rate of paints from 28 per cent to 18 per cent and the paint too is a fast moving category during festival and wedding season.

The Indian paint market is expected to reach Rs 70,875 crore by 2019-20 according to the Indian Paint Association.The industry has been reeling under the pressure of higher input costs and higher US dollar rates. But for this category, summer too is a big season and it was a washout this time. Summer too saw ACs posting a negative growth in sales. Nippon Paint will reduce its prices in accordance with the revised GST rates to the benefit of the customers.Refrigerators account for 45 per cent of the festival season sales. Further, a normal monsoon and increased agricultural income would support growth,” said Kamal Nandi, China Hand roll vacuum compression bags business head and EVP, Godrej Appliances. For other categories, the growth might be lesser but better.According to him, 80 per cent of the TVs sold are above 27 inch and hence the impact of rate cut will be limited for the category. Thanks to the GST rate cut, consumer durables, which have been witnessing a slower growth for the past six quarters, are expected to return to double-digit growth with the sentiments improving during the festival season. 

Chennai: Thanks to the GST rate cut, consumer durables, which have been witnessing a slower growth for the past six quarters, are expected to return to double-digit growth with the sentiments improving during the festival season.The biggest beneficiary would be washing machines, which account for 18 per cent of the total sales in consumer durables."The cost benefit for the customer with the rate cut from 28 per cent to 18 per cent will be around 8 per cent. We have been waiting for this to happen and finally government has cut the rates from 28 per cent to 18 per cent,” said Vijay Manuskhani, MD, Mirc Electronics. But overall we expect the consumer durable sector to grow by 10 to 12 per cent during the festival season,” he added. The reduction in GST will accelerate the expected growth.In smaller appliances, the rate cut is applicable to food grinders, mixers, juice extractors, storage water heaters, immersion heaters, hair dryers, hand dryers and electric smoothing irons. Air-conditioner is the next big category sold during the festival season, but the rate cut is not applicable for it.Some of the categories have also witnessed stagnant growth in these quarters. This step is a reprieve for the paint industry and its consumers as the high GST rate on paint had added to the consecutive price hike caused by a surge in the cost of raw materials, the last few years.The government reduced the GST rates of refrigerators, freezing equipment, washing machines, vacuum cleaners and television sets measuring less than 27 inches from 28 per cent to 18 per cent.The government also had reduced the GST rate of paints from 28 per cent to 18 per cent. Prices of most of the industrial metals have gone up and the dollar rates make the components costlier for the industry which is heavily dependent on imports.

GST is an opportunity for us to spur demand and hence we would are not looking at any further hike for the festival season,” added Nandi. Diesel prices have gone up and so has inflation. This rationalisation of rates will potentially encourage sales to go up by 12-14 per cent in the decorative segment," said Mahesh Anand, President – Nippon Paint India. 

This decision will augur well for the industry as the consumption will subsequently rise. The festival season accounts for 20 to 25 per cent of the yearly sales of washing machines, said Eric Braganza, president, Haier Appliances India."For refrigerators and washing machines, we expect that the growth will return to the levels prior to the troubled quarters

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December 23, 2019

The Features of Royal Enfield Classic 500

Seat: In order to offer comfortable riding experience, the bikes come with a single saddle seat.Engine: It is equipped with a 4 stroke single cylinder with spark ignition. Classic 350 is now available in Gunmetal Grey color and Classic 500 is available in Stealth Black.Brakes: When you apply 2-piston caliper 280mm disc front brakes and single lead internal expanding 153mm drum rear brakes, the bike stops without any sudden jerks.Its multi-plate, wet clutch is ideal for a smooth transition.The digital electronic ignition makes it stand out.


The Features of Royal Enfield Classic 500Here are the features of the Classic beast. It comes with 346 cc displacements and its compression ratio is 8.The Specifications Royal Enfield Classic 500Here are the specifications of the Royal Enfield Classic 500 beast.Royal Enfield Classic 350Royal Enfield Classic 350’s instrument console comes with an analog speedometer, odometer and battery indicator.Engine: The bike is armed with a 500cc single cylinder with 4 stroke spark ignition. But one thing sure - both these bikes offer a comfortable, controlled and lavish riding experience.It is a single seater bike that comes with springs. Short silencer and fuel gauge are the additional features.In a recent development, Royal Enfield launched its ever-popular Classic 350 and Classic 500 bikes in new color scheme. It has fuel efficiency, power,Wholesale Vacuum space bagsand reliability. Since Royal Enfield is such a revered motorcycle brand popular amongst riders and bike enthusiasts, its bikes sell like hot cakes. Constant vacuum carburetor fuel supply optimizes the functioning of this riding machine. The bike’s styling is classic- simple yet appealing. The coil Ignition works fine with its engine. The bike comes with Royal Enfield’s ride quality promise. The conventional headlamp comes with a mighty halogen bulb which provides good light. Classic 350 appeals your eyes as well as your ears. The bore x stroke measurement is 84mm x 90mm. You can kick start it or electric start as well. Bike riding is liberating and it offers a soulful experience. This beast offers a maximum torque of is 41.3 Nm of torque. The air-cooled engine comes with fuel injection technology.5-liter engine fuel capacity, Classic 500 keeps your ride going on. To smoothen the bike start experience, the bike comes with the feature of electric start. With 90 percent fuel and oil, its kerb weight is 194 kilograms.


It’s really difficult to decide which model is better.Fuel Tank: The tank is designed with stylish graphics and thigh pads.When brakes are applied, 2-Piston caliper, 280mm disc front brakes, and internal expanding 153mm drum rear brakes make sure that the bike stops smoothly.2 bhp @ 5250 rpm. Quite expectedly, it is often too tough to decide which one to pick.Silencer: The short silencer is aesthetically designed to get that timeless 1950's look. When on road, Classic 500 grabs all the eyeballs because people can’t take their eyes off it.Wrapping it Up!Both the bike models are equipped with so many features. All new Classic 350 and 500 are equipped to take any challenge thrown to them by bumpy roads and tough tracks; but, a bike insurance policy can be helpful in case you meet with an accident because of poor road conditions.8 bhp @ 5250 rpm.These bikes have been remodeled to take the bike riding experience to a whole new level. Its displacement is 499cc.Electricals: 12 volts, 8 Ah battery gives power to H4-60/55W 12V Halogen headlamp, 12V, R10W X 4nos turn signal lamp and 12V, P21/5W tail lamp.Specifications of Royal Enfield Classic 350Engine: Royal Enfield Classic 350’s 4 stroke engine is armed with single cylinder and twin spark.Headlamp:


The headlamp gives the ultimate look to the bike. Both the variants, available in new color, are matt finished and are now available with rear disc brake and swingarm, which was earlier only available in Royal Enfield’s Thunderbird 500. The air-cooled OHV engine generates 41.. Have a look at it and you will understand why it appeals to the bike lovers.Twin gas charged shock absorbers and telescope front forks at the rear can handle everything when you are on the road.5: 1.5 Liter engine capacity that lets you ride more. No wonder, rider community has a special place for Royal Enfield in its heart.This bike offers everything that a biker could ask for.Let’s check out some of the outstanding features and specifications of Classic 350 and Classic 500.The compression ratio is 8. Wet sump lubrication ensures proper functioning of the engine.3 Nm @ 4000 rpm and maximum power is 27.These bikes have been remodeled to take the bike riding experience to a whole new level. And it all boils down to your preferences and riding expectations.Tail Lights: The vintage tail lamp is loaded with all the features of a classic design.Chassis and Suspension: Telescopic front suspension and 5-step adjustable preload double gas-charged shock absorbers give more power to this timeless machine. Royal Enfield Classic 500 is the most desirable bike.


The toolbox’s design is aesthetically pleasing. The tail lamp gives a vintage look to the bike.Dimensions: For the love of riding, Classic 500 comes with 13. However, it’s missing features like Tripmeter, anti-lock-braking system and alloy wheels. The riding machine offers a maximum torque of 28 Nm @ 4000 rpm and maximum power of 19. It is supported by springs that offer you a relaxing ride.5: 1.Tool Box: The toolbox comes with the timeless classic design. With its state-of-the-art bikes, Royal Enfield makes this experience much better. Its multi-plate clutch makes your riding experience smoother. In a recent development, Royal Enfield launched its ever-popular Classic 350 and Classic 500 bikes in new color scheme.Dimensions: With 13.Suspension: This bike comes with a single down tube with telescopic, 35mm forks, 130mm travel front suspension and double gas-charged shock absorbers equipped with 5 steps adjustable preload 80mm travel rear suspension.Royal Enfield Classic 500It is equipped with a fuel injected 500cc engine and its post-war styling enhances its appearance further. When loaded with 90 percent fuel and oil, its kerb weight is 192 Kilograms with 135 mm ground clearance

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December 16, 2019

The poem further says that people like actor Mansoor

It also says that Amma’s demise has emboldened old-time film directors like Bharathiraja and Parthipan to call for a press conference once every ten days.It also takes a dig at the social activists that are advocating against Sterlite and the proposed eight-lane Green Corridor from Chennai to Salem.The poem published in the Thursday edition of AIADMK newspaper begs Amma to visit St George Fort and put a stop to the ‘clowns’.


The poem further says that people like actor Mansoor Ali Khan, BJP leader S Ve Shekher and director S A Chandrasekar have come out talking about various things.Poem published in &China Vacuum space bags Factory039;Namadhu Amma' refers to Kamal Haasan as 'coward', taking swipe at him for his political foray.A poem published in Tamil daily 'Namadhu Amma' called Rajinikanth and Haasan jokers nursing newfound bravado to flaunt political ambitions post-Jayalalithaa. It says that directors who do not have films to work on have set out masquerading as ‘Tamil poralis’. Rajinikanth is yet to announce his party’s name..The actor, who visited Delhi to complete the formalities for registering his political party, met UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi on Wednesday and Congress president Rahul Gandhi the day before.


Also Read: Too early for tie-up with Cong: Kamal Haasan after meeting Sonia GandhiHaasan has been overtly critical of the AIADMK government over issues ranging from corruption, police firing on anti-Sterlite protesters in Tuticorin that led to 13 deaths and the arrest of those opposing a proposed eight-lane green corridor between Chennai and Salem. AIADMK mouthpiece has slammed actors Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan alongwith a group of film directors who are critical of the party, calling them a 'gang of clowns'. It refers to Kamal Haasan as "coward", taking a swipe at him for his political foray. The actor's visit to Tuticorin last month had drawn sharp reactions for holding "anti-social elements" responsible for the violence. Describing the meetings as a courtesy call, Haasan said it was too early to speak of any tie up between his party and the Congress. Jayalalithaa - is not heard anymore, the coward who had howled he would flee the country has now got the courage to launch his maiyam; superstar too has got the ardour to launch a party.


Haasan, floated his own political party called Makkal Needhi Maiam (People's Justice Centre) in February this year.Earlier this year, Rajinikanth had said he was stepping into politics as there was a "vacuum" in Tamil Nadu politics. It also ridiculed superstar Rajinikanth for announcing his political debut in December last year after Amma’s death. The AIADMK mouthpiece also took on a number of film personalities and social activists who have been critical of the AIADMK government.The poem goes on to slam movie directors Ameer, Bala, Gowthaman and Karu Pazhaniappan.Although the AIADMK has targeted Haasan in the past, the ruling party has largely been subdued in its criticism of Rajinikanth, who has announced that he would launch a party that would contest all 234 assembly seats in Tamil Nadu in the next elections due in 2021. (Photo: File) # Chennai: Invoking Amma, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu late J Jayalalithaa, a mouthpiece of ruling AIADMK, has slammed actors Rajinikanth and Kamal Haasan alongwith a group of film directors who are critical of the party, calling them a "gang of clowns”."Would these pygmies have dared to wag their tails when Amma was alive", roared the poet under pen-name Chitraguptan.The poem begins thus: "Just because that one word--I, J."Just to put in place this gang of clowns can't you (Jayalalithaa) come to the fort (secretariat) just for one day", the poem read

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December 09, 2019

This made her a mass leader as well as an unbridled

Ms Banerjee plunges in where most fear to venture, often creating, in the process, the most noticeable of splashes. Ms Banerjee always favoured the downtrodden and ceaselessly championed their cause. This made her a mass leader as well as an unbridled populist. West Bengal’s effervescent chief minister Mamata Banerjee might have many faults but faint-heartedness is not one of them. Like the intrepid buffalo wading unmindfully into the murkiest of waters,Ms Banerjee plunges in where most fear to venture, often creating, in the process, the most noticeable of splashes.As a young Congress student leader in the mid-1970s, she is said to have shot into prominence by dancing on the bonnet of the socialist leader Jayaprakash Narayan’s car as a mark of protest.Today, she is in national focus having become the chief opponent of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s demonetisation move.The four-decade-long journey from student leader to a principal national Opposition figure is a huge achievement by any standards. Today, few will deny that she is part of the national political scene, no matter whether she is liked or abhorred.Yet, today, Ms Banerjee is also at a crossroads: which way will her political destiny fork?While analysts might doubt her abilities, it is unlikely that the doughty lady herself would have the slightest reservations. 


After all, it was not self-doubt that contributed to her China vacuum compressed bag Manufacturers spectacular political rise in a Bengal once dominated by the unrelenting shadow of the political Left.As the Congress Party in her state, dominated by opportunistic local leaders, crumbled in the 1980s, Ms Banerjee climbed into the vacant chair of principal Opposition leader in West Bengal.From 1984 onwards she won virtually every electoral contest she participated in and rose rapidly in the Congress Party. In 1997, she broke away to launch her own party, the All-India Trinamul Congress, which rapidly grew into the main Opposition party in Left-dominated West Bengal.Ms Banerjee’s political career too continued to soar and she came into national focus by becoming railway minister twice and holding other important portfolios in the Central government.Her crowning glory, and one that will be remembered for a very long time in her home state, was her stunning electoral victory in the 2011 state Assembly polls.The Marxists had controlled West Bengal for nearly three and a half decades and over the years created an iron framework of corruption and control, which was purported to be invincible. Ms Banerjee’s massive victory demolished that myth and the CPI(M)’s political base.As a political leader, who had risen from very difficult circumstances, Ms Banerjee always favoured the downtrodden and ceaselessly championed their cause. 

This made her a mass leader as well as an unbridled populist.But there was a downside to it. Her destructive type of populism resulted in West Bengal’s deindustrialisation, increase in organised extortion and rural underemployment. Her political victory has come at a huge cost to her state’s economic development.The country’s political stars have, however, continued to favour Ms Banerjee. The gradual but continued emasculation of the country’s largest political party, the Congress, has created a vast nationwide political vacuum which the country’s fragmented and jaded Opposition leaders are unable to fill.Ms Banerjee, on the other hand, seems to view this as her chance and has used every opportunity to criticise, chastise and ridicule the ruling dispensation headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a bid to emerge as the country’s principal Opposition leader.The portents are not good though. Her call for Opposition unity on the demonetisation issue has largely failed and forced her to return to the umbrella offered by her erstwhile political mentor, the Congress Party.Ms Banerjee’s claim that demonetisation is anti-poor and an assault on the people has not been supported by any other chief minister except Arvind Kejriwal, another incorrigible Modi-baiter.

The Janata Dal family has largely stayed out of the debate as have most other national-level politicians, leaving Ms Banerjee holding the bat.Her stance on the field is somewhat shaky. She was kicked in the shin by the Marxists after she had publicly declared she was ready to shed ideological differences with them over the demonetisation issue. The Marxists refused to oblige, saying they would not help her save crores in illegal funds amassed by her party.She has also earned nationwide opprobrium by opposing the arrest of Tamil Nadu’s chief secretary who was found with millions in unaccounted cash, gold and much more.The rising instances of corruption charges against her ministers, her hysterical opposition to demonetisation and her defence of the corrupt has lost her middle-class support in her home state and rendered her a figure of much ridicule elsewhere.At this juncture, Ms Banerjee can only hope that the trajectory of her political career will not follow that of one-time Bihar strongman, Lalu Prasad Yadav, who did rise to the national stage, sadly not as a statesman but as a buffoon.

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December 02, 2019

I think this perspective underscores our responsibility

Voyager&Cube vacuum storage bags Factory039;s main mission was to explore other planets including Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. This NASA file photo taken on August 3, 2002 shows an artist's rendition of the Voyager spacecraft, which is celebrating the 40th anniversary of its launch. (Photo: AFP) Are we alone?Forty years ago, NASA rocket scientists sought to answer this question by launching the Voyager spacecraft, twin unmanned spaceships that would travel further than any human-made object in history.


They are still travelling.When Voyager 1 and 2 launched about two weeks apart in 1977 from Cape Canaveral, Florida, scientists knew little about the outer planets in our solar system, and could hardly imagine the scope of their upcoming space odyssey."None of us knew, when we launched 40 years ago, that anything would still be working, and continuing on this pioneering journey," said Voyager project scientist Ed Stone.Voyager's main mission was to explore other planets including Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune, but it also carried the story of humanity into deep space.On board each Voyager is a golden record -- and record player -- that is built to last one billion years or more and contains key information about humanity and life on planet Earth, in case of an alien encounter.


The sounds include the calls of humpback whales, the Chuck Berry song "Johnny B. Goode," Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, a Japanese shakuhachi (a type of flute), a Pygmy girls' initiation song, and greetings in 55 languages.Late American astronomer Carl Sagan, one of the lead scientists involved with the project, also asked his son, Nick, who is now 46, to record his voice on it."Hello, from the children of planet Earth," says the young American boy.A total of 115 images are encoded in analog form, including the Great Wall of China, telescopes, sunsets, elephants, Jane Goodall with chimps, an airport, a train, a breastfeeding mother, dolphins and images of the human sex organs.Exploring other worlds Voyager 2 launched first, on August 20, 1977, followed by Voyager 1 on September 5 on a faster, shorter trajectory that would eventually take it into the lead.


The timing of the mission took advantage of a rare planetary alignment that only happens every 175 years, along with "gravity-assist" boosts from passing by planets that minimized the fuel needed.But Voyager faced many challenges from the start, from tight budgets to the limits of modern technology in the 1970s.One project scientist famously recalled # wrapping Voyager's cables in aluminum foil -- the store-bought kind for kitchen use -- to protect the spacecraft from frying in heavy radiation.Then-president Richard Nixon wanted to contain the mission to a two-planet flyby and a five-year life, but scientists building Voyager planned for a longer mission just in case.The cosmic duo went on to unveil planetary features unlike anything ever seen, including details about the surface of Jupiter with its raging storm the size of two Earths, known as the Great Red Spot."


These were, at that point, better pictures than any ground-based telescopes could provide," said Alan Cummings, a senior research scientist at Caltech who worked on the project beginning in 1973.The Voyager mission also discovered the first active volcanoes beyond Earth on Jupiter's moon Io, and signs of a subsurface ocean on Jupiter's moon Europa.Saturn's moon, Titan, turned out to have the most Earth-like atmosphere in the solar system, while Neptune's moon Triton was revealed to be spewing icy geysers.'Cherish that blue dot'Astronomy textbooks were rewritten on a wide scale, thanks to Voyager, which zoomed past Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Uranus and "revolutionized the science of planetary astronomy," NASA said in an online remembrance of the famed mission.When Voyager had no more planets to be encountered on its trajectory, Carl Sagan pressed to have its cameras turn back toward Earth for a final snap of the planet that sent it.From four billion miles (6.4 billion kilometers) away, the images were taken on Valentine's Day, 1990.The Earth appeared as tiny as a speck of dust in a sunbeam, less than a single pixel in the vastness of space."


I think this perspective underscores our responsibility to preserve and cherish that blue dot, the only home we have," Sagan told a press conference at the time.Where are they now? Voyager 1 has traveled father than any human-made spacecraft, and made it to interstellar space, about 13 billion miles away from Earth, in August 2012.Voyager 2 is on its way there too, and is the only spacecraft to have flown by all four outer planets in our solar system.The plutonium-powered spaceships will continue until they finally run out of fuel, and will then orbit in the center of the Milky Way galaxy.Cummings said the cameras stopped working a long time ago, but about five instruments still collect data.Scientists still hear from the Voyager spacecraft daily, and expect to get data for about another decade."It is still discovering new things because it is going where nothing has been before," said Stone.

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